Ordinance 2364CITY OF ALAMEDA ORDINANCE NO. 2364
New Series
AMENDING THE ALAMEDA MUNICIPAL CODE BY ADDING
CHAPTER 11 TO TITLE XV THEREOF, REGULATING SMOKING
IN PUBLIC PLACES, RESTAURANTS, HOTELS, MOTELS,
AND PLACES OF EMPLOYMENT
WHEREAS, numerous studies have found that tobacco smoke
is a major contributor to indoor air pollution; and
WHEREAS, studies have shown breathing secondhand smoke to
be a significant health hazard for several populations, including
elderly people, individuals with cardiovascular disease,
individuals with impaired respiratory function, asthmatics, and
those with obstructive airway disease; and
WHEREAS, the Surgeon General of the United States found
in his 1986 Report that secondhand smoke is a cause of disease,
including lung cancer, in healthy nonsmokers; and
WHEREAS, nonsmokers with allergies, respiratory diseases
and those who suffer other ill effects of breathing secondhand
smoke may experience a loss of job productivity or may be forced
to take periodic sick leave because of reactions to secondhand
smoke; and
WHEREAS, studies have shown some nonsmokers cannot dine
in restaurants because of adverse reaction or annoyance from
secondhand smoke; and
WHEREAS, studies have shown a majority of travelers
prefer nonsmoking sections on airplanes, buses, and trains; and
WHEREAS, smoking is a potential cause of fires, and
because cigarette and cigar burns and ash stains on merchandise
and fixtures cause losses to Alameda businesses;
that:
BE IT ORDAINED by the Council of the City of Alameda
Section 1. The Alameda Municipal Code is hereby amended
by adding Chapter 11 to Title XV thereof to read as follows:
CHAPTER 11
SMOKING CONTROL
Article 1. General Provisions, 15-1111.
Article 2. General Restrictions, 15-1121.
Article 3. Enforcement, 15-1131.
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Article I. General Provisions
Sec. 15- 1111. Purpose. The purpose of this
chapter is to protect the public health and welfare
by regulating smoking in public places and places of
employment and to strike a reasonable balance between
the needs of persons who smoke and the need of
nonsmokers to breathe smoke -free air; and to
recognize that, where these conflict, the need to
breath smoke -free air shall have priority.
Sec. 15 -1112. Definitions. For the purposes
of this chapter, the following words and phrases
shall have the following meaning:
(a) "Bar" means an area in which the serving of
food is only incidental to the consumption
of alcoholic beverages. The term "bar"
shall not include an adjacent restaurant
dining area when meals are being served.
(b) "Business" means any sole proprietorship,
partnership, joint venture, corporation or
other business entity formed for
profit- making purposes, including retail
establishments where goods or services are
sold, as well as professional corporations
or other entities under which professional
services are delivered.
(c) "Dining Area" means any enclosed area
containing a counter or tables upon which
meals are served.
(d) "Employee" means any person who is employed
by any employer for direct or indirect
monetary wages or profit including those
employed full time, part time, temporary or
contracted for from a third party;
employee also means any person who serves
as a volunteer for a business or non - profit
entity.
(e) "Employer" means any person, business, or
non - profit entity which employs the
services of one or more persons, and
includes the City of Alameda.
(f) "Enclosed" means closed in by a roof and
four or more connected, floor -to- ceiling
walls with appropriate openings for ingress
and egress.
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(g) "Mall" means any enclosed public walkway or
hall area which serves to connect retail or
professional establishments.
(h) "Non-Profit Entity" means any corporation,
unincorporated association or other entity
created for charitable, philanthropic,
educational, character building, political,
social or other similar purposes, the net
proceeds from the operations of which are
not for private financial gain. A public
agency is not a "Non-Profit Entity" within
the meaning of this chapter.
"Private Function" means a gathering of
persons for the purpose of deliberation,
education, instruction, entertainment,
amusement, or dining where membership or
specific invitation is a prerequisite to
entry and where such event is not intended
for attendance by the public.
"Place of Employment" means any enclosed
area under the control of an employer which
employees normally frequent during the
course of employment.
(i)
(j)
(k) "Public Place" means any enclosed area to
which the public is invited or in which the
public is permitted.
(1) "Restaurant" means any eating
establishment, organization, club,
boardinghouse or guesthouse which gives or
offers for sale food to the public, guests,
patrons, or employees as well as kitchens
in which food is prepared on the premises
for serving elsewhere, including catering
functions, except that the term
"restaurant" shall not include a bar.
(m)
"Retail Tobacco Store" means a retail store
utilized primarily for the sale of tobacco
products and tobacco accessories and in
which the sale of other products is merely
incidental.
(n) "Service Line" means any indoor line at
which one or more persons are waiting for
or receiving service of any kind, whether
or not such service involves the exchange
of money.
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(o) "Smoking" means inhaling, exhaling, burning
or carrying any lighted cigarette, cigar,
pipe, weed, plant or other combustible
substance in any manner or in any form.
(p) "Sports Arena" means an enclosed sports
pavilion, gymnasium, health spa, boxing
arena, swimming pool, roller and ice rink,
bowling alley and other similar places
where members of the general public
assemble to either engage in physical
exercise, participate in athletic
competition or witness sports events.
(q) "Work Area" or "Workplace" means any area
of a place of employment enclosed by
floor-to-ceiling walls in which two or more
employees are assigned to perform work for
an employer.
Sec. 15-1113. Other Applicable Laws. This
chapter shall not be interpreted or construed to
permit smoking where it is otherwise restricted by
other applicable laws.
Sec. 15-1114. Severability. If any
provision, clause, sentence or paragraph of this
chapter or the application thereof to any person or
circumstances shall be held invalid, such invalidity
shall not affect the other provisions of this chapter
which can be given effect without the invalid
provision or application, and to this end the
provisions of this chapter are declared to be
severable.
Article 2. General Restrictions
Sec. 15-1121. Prohibition of Smoking in
Places Accessible to the General Public. Smoking
shall be prohibited in the following public places:
(a) All enclosed areas available to and
customarily used by the general public and
all areas of business establishments
generally accessible to the public,
including, but not limited to, the public
area of retail stores, banks, and other
offices; restaurants shall not be subject
to this provision.
(b) Elevators.
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(c) Public restrooms.
(d) Service lines.
(e) Buses and other means of public transit
directly provided by the City of Alameda.
(f) All reception and waiting areas unless
separate facilities are provided for
smokers and nonsmokers.
(g) In public areas of galleries, libraries,
and museums when open to the public;
provided, however, this prohibition does
not prevent the designation of a separate
room for smoking.
(h) Within any facility which is primarily used
for, or designed for the primary purpose of
exhibiting any motion picture, stage drama,
lecture, musical recital or other similar
performance, except when smoking is part of
a stage production; provided, however,
this prohibition does not prevent
designating a contiguous area containing no
more than 25% of any area commonly called a
lobby as a smoking area.
(i)
Sports arenas and convention halls;
provided, however, that this prohibition
shall not prevent (i) the establishment of
a contiguous smoking area which shall not
exceed 25% of the seating capacity, and
(ii) 25% of any area commonly called a
lobby as a smoking area.
(j) Video arcades.
(k) Child day care facilities as defined in the
California Health and Safety Code.
(1) Rooms, chambers, or other enclosed areas
where a meeting is being held which is or
can be attended by the general public.
Retail food marketing establishments,
including grocery stores and supermarkets,
except those areas of such establishments
set aside for the purpose of serving food
and drink. utilized primarily for the sale
of tobacco products and tobacco accessories
and in which the sale of other products is
merely incidental.
(m)
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Sec. 15-1122. Regulation of Smoking in Places
of Employment. It shall be the responsibility of
employers to accommodate the needs of smoking and
nonsmoking employees to the maximum extent possible,
but employers are not required to incur any expense
to make structural or other modifications in
providing these areas.
Sec. 15-1123. Employer Policy Required. No
later than January 1, 1988 each employer shall adopt,
disseminate, and implement a written smoking policy
which shall contain at a minimum the requirements
below. As a substitute for a written policy,
businesses may conspicuously post all applicable
requirements of this ordinance.
(a) Smoking will be prohibited, in addition to
all applicable portion of Section 15-1121
of this chapter, at all times in the
following areas:
(1) Work areas shared by smokers and
nonsmokers; this provision excludes
employees whose place of employment is
a restaurant, bar, or retail tobacco
store;
(2) Auditoriums, classrooms, conference
rooms, and meeting rooms;
(3) Elevators;
(4) Hallways and reception areas;
(5) Medical facilities;
(6) Restrooms (unless separate facilities
are provided for smokers).
(b) A separate and contiguous nonsmoking area
of not less than 75% of the seating
capacity and floor area must be provided in
cafeterias, lunchrooms and lounges which
are designated for use by employees.
Provision can be made at any time for
separate facilities, proportionately sized
to accommodate both smokers and nonsmokers.
Smoking shall be prohibited in cafeterias,
lunchrooms and employee lounges seating
less than 10 persons, unless used
exclusively by smokers.
(c) In any dispute arising under the smoking
policy, the rights of the nonsmoker to
clean air shall be given precedence.
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(d) The smoking policy shall be communicated to
all employees within three weeks of its
adoption, and at least yearly thereafter.
(e) All employers shall supply a written copy
of the smoking policy to all new employees
and to any prospective employee who so
requests or shall direct the individual to
the location where applicable smoking
regulations are posted.
(f) An employer's policy may include reference
to smoking optional areas as defined by
Section 15-11211.
Sec. 15-1124. Nonretaliation. No person or
employer shall discharge, refuse to hire, or in any
manner retaliate against any employee or applicant
for employment because such employee or applicant
exercises any rights afforded by this chapter.
Sec. 15-1125. Restriction of Smoking in
Restaurants. Within all restaurants having enclosed
seating for more than 50 patrons, there shall be a
designated and contiguous nonsmoking area consisting
of no less than 50% of the enclosed tables currently
in use; whenever possible smoking sections shall not
be adjacent to any service lines, food preparation
area, or food serving area. This section shall be
implemented incrementally so that its nonsmoking area
provision shall apply only to 35% of the enclosed
tables currently in use through May 1, 1988.
Sec. 15-1126. Restriction of Smoking in
Hotels and Motels. Ten percent of the rooms in
any hotel or motel shall be maintained as fixed
nonsmoking rooms.
Sec. 15-1127. Posting of Signs. General.
"Smoking" or "No Smoking" signs, whichever are
appropriate, with letters of not less than one inch
(1") in height, or the international "No Smoking
symbol (consisting of a pictorial representation of a
burning cigarette enclosed in a red circle with a red
bar across it) shall be clearly , sufficiently and
conspicuously posted in every building or other place
where smoking is regulated by this chapter by the
owner, operator, manager or other person having
control of such building or other place.
Sec. 15-1128. Posting of Signs. Additional
Requirements for Theater Operators. Every theater
owner, manager or operator shall post signs
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conspicuously in the lobby stating that smoking is
prohibited within the theater or auditorium, and in
the case of motion picture theaters, such information
shall be shown upon the screen for at least five
seconds prior to the showing of each featured motion
picture.
Sec. 15-1129. Posting of Signs. Additional
Requirements for Restaurants. Every restaurant shall
have posted at its entrance a sign clearly stating
that a nonsmoking area has been established, and
every patron shall be asked as to his or her
preference when a host or hostess is present. If no
host or hostess is available, the nonsmoking area
shall be conspicuously posted.
Sec. 15-11210. Posting of Signs. Additional
Requirements for Hotels and Motels. Every hotel and
motel shall have signs posted conspicuously in the
registration and lobby areas which state that
nonsmoking rooms are maintained and may be available;
rooms designed as being nonsmoking shall have signs
designating such restriction conspicuously placed
within the room.
Sec. 15-11211. Smoking Optional.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter
to the contrary, the following areas shall not be
subject to the smoking restrictions of this chapter:
(a) Bars.
(b) Private residences, except when used as a
family day care home.
(c) Retail tobacco stores.
(d) Restaurants, hotel and motel
conference/meeting rooms, and public and
private assembly rooms while these places
are being used for private functions.
(e) Malls.
(f) An enclosed office workplace occupied
exclusively by a smoker or smokers, even
though such an office workplace may be
visited by nonsmokers.
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Article 3. Enforcement
Sec. 15-1131. Enforcement. Enforcement of
this chapter shall be implemented by the City Manager
or his/her designee.
Sec. 15-1132. Registration of Complaints.
Any citizen, employee, or business patron who desires
to register a complaint under this chapter may
initiate enforcement with the City Manager or his/her
designee. Complaints must be submitted in writing
and signed by the complainant.
Sec. 15-1133. Complaints Regarding
Restaurants. Complaints received by the City Manager
regarding a restaurant's compliance with this chapter
shall first be forwarded to an authorized restaurant
representative for resolution before any action is
taken pursuant to Section 15-11310. If, after
fifteen days of transmittal, a complaint referred to
a restaurant's authorized representative has not been
adequately resolved, in the judgment of the
complainant, the complainant may request the City
Manager or his/her designee to initiate additional
investigation.
Sec. 15-1134. Authority to Inform. Any
owner, manager, or authorized agent of any
establishment regulated by this chapter may inform
persons violating this chapter of the appropriate
provisions thereof.
Sec. 15-1135. Limited Responsibility of
Businesses. The owner, operator, or manager of a
business shall not be responsible for violations of
this chapter within their premises by patrons or
citizens, provided that such patrons or citizens have
been adequately informed that their actions may be in
violation of the law; this limitation shall not
apply to employees of such businesses.
Sec. 15-1136. Additional Limits on
Responsibility for Restaurants. The owner, operator,
or manager of a restaurant shall not be responsible
if a host or hostess fails to ask the seating
preference of patrons as required by Section 15-1129;
provided that such employees have been informed of
this requirement.
Sec. 15-1137. Enforcement Rights of Citizens.
Notwithstanding any provision of this chapter, a
private citizen may bring legal action to enforce
this chapter.
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Sec. 15-1138. Responsible Party. It shall be
unlawful for any person who owns, operates, manages,
or otherwise controls the use of any premises subject
to the restrictions of this chapter to fail to comply
with its provisions.
Sec. 15-1139. Smoking Where Prohibited. It
shall be unlawful for any person to smoke in any area
where such action is restricted by this chapter.
Sec. 15-11310. Penalties. Any person who
violates any provision of this chapter shall be
subject to a citation and:
(a) Upon the first violation shall receive an
official notice of warning from the
City Manager or his/her designee;
(b) Upon the second violation within one year
shall be guilty of an infraction and, upon
conviction, shall be subject to a fine not
to exceed fifty dollars.
(c) Upon the third and additional violations
within one year shall be guilty of an
infraction and, upon conviction, shall be
subject to a fine not to exceed one hundred
dollars per conviction.
Sec. 15-11311. Citation Authority. The City
Manager and his/her designees shall have the
authority to issue citations for violation of this
chapter; however, such individuals shall not have
the powers of a police officer in performing their
duties under this chapter.
Sec. 15-11312. Informal Warnings. The City
Manager or his/her designee may issue informal
warnings to violators of this chapter prior to taking
action pursuant to Sections 15-11310 and 15-11311 of
this chapter.
Sec. 15-11313. Power to Adopt More
Restrictive Smoking Policies. Notwithstanding any
other provisions of this chapter, any owner,
operator, manager, employer, or other person who
controls any establishment or place of employment
regulated by this chapter, may adopt policies
relating to smoking which are more restrictive than
those provided herein.
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Sec. 15-11314. Governmental Agency
Cooperation. The City Manager shall encourage other
governmental agencies having facilities within the
city to comply voluntarily with this article.
Section 2. The Alameda Municipal Code is hereby amended by
adding Subsection (z) to Section 1-512 of Article 1, Chapter 5,
Title I thereof to read:
Sec. 1-521. Violations Identified.
(z) Title XV, Chapter 11;
Section 3. The Alameda Municipal Code is hereby amended by
amending Subsections (d) and (h) and adding Subsection (i) to
Section 1-521 of Article 2, Chapter 5, Title I thereof to read:
Sec. 1-521. Authorized Persons.
(d) Zoning Administrator - Subsections (o), (y) and (z);
(h) Community Service Officer - Subsections (a), (e), (i),
(j), (1), (n), (o), (q), (t), (w)(1)(3)(4)(6)(7), (y)
and (z);
(i) City Manager - (z).
Section 4. This ordinance shall be in full force and effect
on January 1, 1988.
Presiding Officer of the Council
I, the undersigned, hereby certify that the foregoing
Ordinance was duly and regularly adopted and passed by
the Council of the City of Alameda in regular meeting
assembled on the 3rd of November, 1987,
by the following vote to wit:
AYES: Councilmembers Camicia, Haugner, Monsef, Thomas
and President Corica - 5.
NOES: None.
ABSENT: None.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand and
affixed the official seal of said City this 4th day of
November, 1987.