1994-09-20 Regular CC MinutesMINUTES OF THE REGULAR MEETING OF THE ALAMEDA CITY COUNCIL
SEPTEMBER 20. 1994
The meeting convened at 7:30 p.m. with President Withrow presiding.
Councilmember Lucas led the Pledge of Allegiance. Reverend Jack
Buckley, First Presbyterian Church, gave the invocation.
ROLL CALL -
Present: Councilmembers Appezzato, Arnerich,
Lucas, Roth and President Withrow - 5.
Absent: None.
PROCLAMATIONS AND SPECIAL ORDERS OF THE DAY,
94-530 Proclamation congratulating the Alameda Little League All
Star Team, ages 9 and 10, for their outstanding achievement.
Mayor Withrow read the proclamation and presented it to Gary Nelson
with Certificates of Recognition for each of the team members.
94-531 Proclamation congratulating the Alameda Little League All
Star Team, ages 11 and 12, for their outstanding achievement.
Mayor Withrow read the proclamation and presented it to Reuben
Fielder with Certificates of Recognition for the team members.
94-532 Proclamation congratulating the Babe Ruth World All Star
Team, ages 14 and 15, for their outstanding achievement.
Mayor Withrow read the proclamation and presented it to Reuben
Fielder (accepting on behalf of Pat Bail, President, Babe Ruth
Baseball League) with Certificates of Recognition for the team
members.
Councilman Arnerich commented Councilmember Appezzato was an umpire
for some of the games; introduced three persons present who were
outstanding athletes during their high school years, Don Sherratt,
Gary Nelson, and Police Captain William Schmitz, and wished the
teams well.
Councilmember Appezzato congratulated the three teams, noting he
expects to return to umpire some of their games next year.
94-533 Proclamation Declaring September 19-25, 1994, as
"Pollution Prevention Week."
Mayor Withrow read the proclamation and presented it to Public
Works Director Robert Warnick.
Regular Meeting, Alameda City Council
September 20, 1994
CONSENT CALENDAR
President Withrow announced that reports (94-540) regarding
reimbursement of expenditure, (94-541) on Ferry Service Agreement,
and (94-542) on Year End Financial Report, were removed from the
Consent Calendar for discussion.
Councilmember Lucas moved approval of the remainder of the Consent
Calendar. Councilman Arnerich seconded the motion which carried by
unanimous voice vote - 5.
Items so enacted or adopted are indicated by an asterisk.
*94-534 Minutes of the Regular Council Meeting of September 6,
1994, and Special Council Meeting of September 6, 1994. Approved.
*94-535 Report from Public Works Director recommending acceptance
of work by Mountain Cascade, Inc. for Infiltration and Inflow,
Phase IV, Sanitary Sewer Replacements in Pacific Avenue from Fifth
Street to Sixth Street, Sixth Street from Central Avenue to Pacific
Avenue, and Pearl Street from Otis Drive to Central Avenue, No.
P.W. 01-94-01. Accepted.
*94-536 Report from Public Works Director recommending award of
contract to Harold Hutson Construction for Minor Street Patching
with Asphalt Concrete for Fiscal Year Ending June 30, 1995, No.
P.W. 04-94-07. Accepted.
*94-537 Report from Public Works Director recommending Acceptance
of Work by Rich Himenez Concrete for Repair of Portland Cement
Concrete Sidewalk, Curb, Gutter, and Driveway for the Fiscal Year
Ending June 30, 1994, No. P.W. 4-93-09. Accepted.
*94-538 Report from Finance Director transmitting Investment
Portfolio for period ending August 31, 1994. Accepted.
*94-539 Bills certified by the City Manager to be true and
correct were ratified in the sum of $1,594,337.06.
94-540 Report from City Manager regarding reimbursement of
expenditures for Mayor's trip to Washington, D.C. from September 12
through September 14, 1994.
Don Bergen, Alameda, inquired if the Mayor should abstain on this
matter.
The City Attorney stated the Political Reform Act permits, for
example, the State Legislature, to vote on salaries and
reimbursements for themselves; and that ability falls on City
Council who also can vote on salaries, reimbursements, and things
of that general nature without a conflict of interest.
Regular Meeting, Alameda City Council
September 20, 1994
r--
Mr. Bergen commented the Mayor stated he would go to Washington,
D.C., by invitation, even if he must pay to go; money does not need
to be spent on this; and the Mayor could have seen Senator
Feinstein and Congressman Dellums in California.
Neil Patrick Sweeney, Alameda, stated he did not believe anyone
would be negative on this subject; whoever is sent to Washington
during this time of base conversion, the money will be well spent.
Councilmember Lucas agreed with Mr. Sweeney, stating that because
of the Naval Air Station, this is a time representation in
Washington, and good ties to the federal government, are needed.
Councilmember Lucas moved to support the recommendation [to
reimburse]. Vice Mayor Roth seconded the motion.
Councilman Arnerich stated whoever is Mayor has the responsibility
to represent the City at the request of the President of the United
States, with other Mayors throughout the country; we do not need
negativism; the expenditure is justified, is a legitimate expense
given Mayors in the past, and he will continue to support it in the
future.
The motion carried by unanimous voice vote - 5.
94-541 Report from Public Works Director regarding Amendment to
Alameda/Oakland Ferry Service Agreement between Blue & Gold Fleet
and City of Alameda for fare increase and assignment of Pier 1/2
Mooring Rights.
Allen Derr, Senior Citizens, Incorporated, stated when this issue
was on agenda a couple of weeks ago, it was proposed to raise all
fares, and now excludes fare increases for the seniors, disabled
and military personnel; and thanked Councilmember Appezzato for
taking that stand on the issue.
Councilmember Appezzato stated he wanted to bring to the attention
of citizens that Council took this issue off the Consent Calendar,
and with approval of the entire Council, the City Manager had
agreement modified and there will be no fare increases for seniors,
handicapped and military; and he thanked Council for joining in,
and City Manager for having changes made.
Councilman Arnerich moved approval. By consensus of Council, the
recommendation to execute Amendment to Agreement restructuring the
fare schedule, and incorporating Pier 1/2 Mooring Rights, was
approved.
94-542 Report from Finance Director transmitting Year End
Financial Report - 1993-94 Fiscal Year.
Regular Meeting, Alameda City Council
September 20, 1994
5-1
Don Bergen, Alameda, stated it appears from revenue and
expenditures figures in report, that only a small amount of money
comes from parking meters, and we might as well not have them; and
the Golf Course is not making the money it should.
Councilman Arnerich moved acceptance of report. Vice Mayor Roth
seconded the motion which carried by unanimous voice vote - 5.
AGENDA ITEMS
Actions Related to Base Conversion Process
94-543 Status Briefing on Base Conversion Process.
The Base Conversion Project Manager reported on three items:
1) The budget, noting the OEA office assured that approval would be
forthcoming well before the end of the current fiscal year which is
October 31st; and a State grant request has also been submitted for
reimbursement of City expenditures during the last fiscal year on
base closure activities, 2) the BART car maintenance contract
proposal, 3) the gun test facility and efforts to support the
facility's transfer by a lease with the Reuse Authority to Concord
Weapons Facility; the matter has been forestalled by a legal
opinion, and final opinion will be coming from the Navy's General
Counsel; and noted there is strong opposition in Washington, of
transfer to Concord as they believe that function is better served
by transfer to NAS China Lake.
Councilmember Lucas stated there is a citizens' advisory committee,
Restoration Advisory Board to the Naval Air Station on toxic
cleanup, and inquired if BRAG works with that Committee.
The Project Manager answered affirmatively; and that the head of
the BRAG Environmental Subcommittee also serves on the Restoration
Advisory Board so there is direct linkage, including staff.
Councilman Arnerich stated Council is kept very well informed by
the Project Director and City Manager, on what is taking place,
whether in Washington, D.C., or California.
Vice Mayor Roth stated perhaps it should be pointed out to the Navy
that they do not have the money to pay for the cleanup and yet they
are talking about transferring testing of guns to China Lake where
they would need to build a facility, and they are prepared to spend
millions of dollars for a new range and allow this [Alameda
facility] be torn down.
The Project Manager stated he has been told China Lake can be used
satisfactorily; however, he does not know the condition of the
facility so he cannot give a good response; and he will continue to
Regular Meeting, Alameda City Council
September 20, 1994
approach this [issue] from all angles.
Neil Patrick Sweeney, Alameda stated the argument that the
government does not want to close a base and transfer functions to
another base is wrong because it is done throughout the country all
the time; we want Concord to take over early so employees would not
leave; and he would like all [conversion] information to be printed
by newspapers.
Betty Ballerini, Alameda, remarked why send something good
elsewhere when we should be cleaning up the land; neither Alameda
nor federal government have enough funds; someone should be sent to
Washington to speak for Alameda; and stated our revenue should
remain here.
Councilman Arnerich stated, about a week ago, Council attended an
Oakland meeting; everyone from various bases concluded, and Senator
Feinstein stated, that the government badly miscalculated cleanup
cost, and does not have money to do the job; we said, the base was
clean when Navy came in 1937 and should be clean when it leaves;
money is short but [Council] will try at every level to get City's
share to put this [base] back in its former condition.
Councilmember Appezzato moved acceptance of the report. Vice Mayor
Roth seconded the motion which carried by unanimous voice vote - 5.
94 -544 Report from Assistant City Manager regarding City's
Regulation of Mobile Ice Cream Vendors. (Vice Mayor Roth)
Allen Derr, Alameda, stated he wanted to be sure Council was aware
of fatalities in Oakland caused by an ice cream truck; and before
ordinances or resolutions are passed, that Council be sure City is
covered in case a similar thing happens in Alameda.
Don Bergen, Alameda, stated he is aware of the Oakland incident;
vendors are pleasant, hard - working and not asking for handouts;
this is a non -issue and could have been handled quietly, and not
enlarged out of proportion.
David Plummer, Alameda stated he has lived across from Lincoln Park
for 19 years, has never seen a problem on his end of the park; his
neighbors remember ice cream trucks from when they were little
children; and ice cream trucks with music is like an announcement
of summer; he does not see how anyone can have any problems with it
and he would like to see Council go after street people who steal
recyclable items as that is a problem in the City.
Vice Mayor Roth stated the matter was put on as a safety issue, and
a noise issue and now is the time to address it so that next
summer, City should not have a problem; 4 or 5 trucks stop at one
time; Council has always been concerned about businesses not paying
Regular Meeting, Alameda City Council
September 20, 1994
business licenses; and the safety of little children requires
enforcement of law that the trucks must pull in to the curb; if we
do not enforce, the City might be liable.
Councilmember Lucas stated trucks are required to pull up to the
curb, and is not always done; the problem is that a Police Officer
is not always present; and licensing also needs policing which
requires manpower.
Captain Schmitz reported inspections made by Police Department on
ice cream trucks over the weekend, were found to be within all
regulations, had appropriate licenses, and only two minor issues
were cited; stated issue of stopping away from the curb, and
double - parking is well- taken; the Department can deal with drivers,
once they understand that if that violation is observed again, they
will be cited; any double - parking, whether an ice -cream truck or
someone dropping off a child going to school, creates a traffic
hazard, and police officers will take an enforcement action when
they see that violation.
In response to Vice Mayor Roth, Captain Schmitz stated, according
to the Assistant City Manager's report, the ice cream truck music
is not in violation of the current noise ordinance.
Vice Mayor Roth stated he believes if truck(s) circled a park, or
sat stationary at a park all day with music playing, that could be
irritating.
Following brief discussion on the noise ordinance, Councilman
Arnerich stated the noise is not annoying when the trucks move; and
suggested when trucks are parked in an area for a prolonged amount
of time, the music should be turned off.
Vice Mayor Roth moved that staff 1) write a letter to all mobile
ice cream vendors, 2) make sure they are licensed, 3) inform them
they must pull over to the curb as the law already requires, 4)
that City will be enforcing law, and ask for comment on shutting
off music when they are stopped; and if they do not want to
cooperate, staff can bring the matter back.
Councilmember Lucas seconded the motion.
Councilman Arnerich stated he sees nothing wrong with [the motion]
and commented that even without a letter, good public relations,
may be for the Police Department to sit down and talk to them
personally which may go a lot further than a cold letter, either
way [letter or chat], staff handle it.
The motion carried by unanimous voice vote - 5.
94 -545 Report from Public Works Director regarding Approval of
Regular Meeting, Alameda City Council
September 20, 1994
an Indemnification Agreement with the City of Oakland and the Port
of Oakland and Setting a Public Hearing for consideration of
Allowing the Port of Oakland to Use Tax-Exempt Bonds for the
Portion of their Dredging Project within Alameda.
The Mayor announced this item has been pulled from the agenda.
94-546 Report from Community Development Director recommending
Approval of Amended Grant Agreement with American Red Cross Alameda
Service Center for Purchase of Emergency Shelter Bednights for the
Homeless.
The Mayor announced this item has been pulled from the agenda.
94-547 Report from Community Development Director regarding
Status of Proposal to UCSF for a Build-to-Suit Lab and Strategy for
Disposition of Parcel 5. (Councilmember Appezzato)
David Plummer, Alameda, stated the Mayor commented a couple of
weeks ago that the renovation of City Hall should be of paramount
concern but there is no money; if the land purchased for UCSF was
such a good deal, perhaps it could be sold for twice the amount.
Neil Patrick Sweeney, Alameda, stated the UCSF research hospital
expansion and their second campus should be located on NAS
property; thousands of jobs would be created; someone should be
found to do nothing but work on bringing in UCSF.
Don Bergen, Alameda, expressed his views on options to dispose of
property.
Don Roberts, Alameda, stated Bond Counsel's letter states after the
beginning of 1994, UCSF decided not to purchase the land, and in
another paragraph that [before the end of 1993] "...there was no
reason to conclude UCSF would not honor its commitment..."; and he
[Roberts] does not recall any indication UCSF made any commitment
to lease or purchase the land.
John Scott Graham, Alameda, inquired, since there was no deal
submitted from UCSF and Council, can we sell land to another buyer?
The City Manager responded the City has the ability to sell the
land; the letter from Bond Counsel outlines the requirement to get
an IRS ruling if we sell to a private party; and, it can be sold to
another government entity.
Mr. Graham stated perhaps a trade-off could be made with Encinal
Terminals for land of almost the same value, which could be made
into a beautiful marina.
Councilmember Appezzato stated one reason for placing this matter
Regular Meeting, Alameda City Council
September 20, 1994
on the agenda is to discuss disposal of the land; when Council
bought this land, it obviously had no concrete knowledge of the
financial condition of Harbor Bay Isle Associates [HBIA] nor were
advised of any potential federal or tax implications restricting
use or sale of the land; and now before Council is new information;
referred to foreclosure of parcels of land owned by Harbor Bay
Village V Associates, and stated it was more obvious to him than
ever that this land deal was made to keep the developer afloat; the
Assessment District is the same one that contained the 10 acres
Council bought; read portions of letter from bond counsel Stephen
Casaleggio which he [Appezzato] stated addresses tax consequences
and contains an inaccuracy as it states, "...after the beginning of
1994, UCSF decided not to purchase land..." and "... there was no
reason to conclude that UCSF would not honor its commitment..." and
Council must make it clear that UCSF never agreed to purchase any
land; and there was no commitment.
Councilmember Appezzato moved that bond counsel Stephen Casaleggio
be provided, by the City Attorney, the UCSF proposal that sets
forth conditions and the letter from Harbor Bay developer where
they indicated that we should purchase the land, and see if that
would change his opinion regarding the tax consequences; and that
we proceed no further with sale of this land until we receive an
IRS ruling as Mr. Casaleggio has advised.
Councilman Arnerich stated he agrees with Mr. Roberts and
Councilmember Appezzato; bond counsel, an expert lawyer, did make
a bad choice of words about concluding UCSF would not honor its
commitment as it is true that there was never a commitment; he has
talked to Mr. Casaleggio and if Council wishes, he can be available
at the October 4th Council Meeting, he and his firm will stand by
their opinion at the time the contract was let and their opinion on
the bonds issued.
Councilmember Appezzato stated, if their's is a poor choice of
words or based on their ruling that they thought there was a
commitment or purchase, he is asking that Bond Counsel clarify
matter as this is a technical subject and the IRS ruling may be
affected; and to get an IRS ruling before trying to sell the land.
President Withrow stated there is no question in his mind that
there are two factual errors in the statement by Mr. Casaleggio and
Councilmember Appezzato's motion is fair in requesting
clarification of understanding at the time legal guidance was
provided this Council.
Councilmember Lucas stated Mr. Casaleggio's letter recommends that
Council obtain the private ruling regardless, and it may be
irrelevant whether there is a commitment by UCSF or not, and she
would like the City Attorney's opinion on that.
Regular Meeting, Alameda City Council
September 20, 1994
The City Attorney stated bond counsel has, among other things,
informed her that the decision of the Council in 1993 was correct
and at that time, the IRS's position was to allow a subsequent
transfer to a private entity; the reason for concern is that,
because of the state of the economy, a number of properties
financed by public bonds are being sold to private entities and IRS
has modified its position, and property must now be held five years
or sold to a government entity, unless a private ruling is
obtained, on a case-by-case basis, and the ruling costs $3,000 as
does any opinion requested from them, and takes about six months.
In response to President Withrow, the City Attorney stated Bond
Counsel said the downside risk is if the IRS enforced provision,
bonds are taxable.
Councilmember Lucas stated, if we obtain the private ruling and it
is favorable, we can sell the property; if unfavorable, we can hold
the property for five years; the City Attorney added that it could
be transferred to another public use; and Councilmember Lucas noted
the difference in interest could be calculated and a decision made.
The City Attorney agreed, however, she related Bond Counsel stated
that because of complexities in dealing with the tax returns of
each bond person, he did not recommend it [selling it to private
entities without IRS approval].
President Withrow and City Attorney commented that bond counsel
covers City's liability and any damages that might accrue on the
basis of advice provided to the City.
Councilmember Appezzato stated his concern is that there are
inaccuracies in the letter and he wants to be sure when Bond
Counsel submits the document to the IRS that the information is
accurate and does not state that UCSF made a commitment to buy or
purchase land, and that the requirement to purchase land came from
Doric Development.
Vice Mayor Roth stated he would prefer the City keep two acres for
the soccer field, and lease remainder of property to private
enterprise to build.
President Withrow concurred with Councilmember Appezzato that there
was a misstatement of fact.
Councilmember Lucas stated Council can trust City Attorney to
clarify facts with Bond Counsel and Mr. Casaleggio need not attend;
she would like to obtain ruling as a backup position so City can
proceed without delay; understands Vice Mayor's position but would
like IRS's position and whether City has option to sell without
waiting for 5-year period, believes that option is worth $3,000
[for IRS ruling]; and will support the motion.
Regular Meeting, Alameda City Council
September 20, 1994
Councilmember Appezzato stated his motion is to clarify the bond
counsel's letter; he does not necessarily need the bond counsel's
attendance at the meeting, he [Casaleggio] may draft another letter
so that it is absolutely clear where he stands on the ruling, that
he understands the position of UCSF vis a vis Doric; and then go
forward with a request for an IRS ruling. Councilmember Lucas
seconded the motion.
The City Manager requested clarification concerning marketing the
property, and that if an offer comes in, it be made contingent upon
a favorable ruling from the IRS.
Councilmember Appezzato further clarified that the marketing of the
property can proceed, and if an offer comes in, it be made
contingent upon a favorable ruling from the IRS.
Councilman Arnerich stated he would like in addition to
Councilmember Appezzato's motion, to direct the City Manager to
obtain the tape of the Council Meeting when the discussion with
bond counsel took place, and have it available in his [City
Manager's] office for Council's review, as well as the material in
the packet that evening.
The City Manager stated he would provide the copy of the
transmittal and report; the tape would be kept by the City Clerk's
Office.
The City Manager stated he has heard citizens say perhaps the money
could be spent for City Hall and/or other good projects; however,
this money cannot be spent for those purposes; this money has been
paid by surrounding property owners in an assessment charged to
them by the City at their request and was to be used for a project
within the assessment district for benefit of those adjacent
property owners; and we cannot spend that public trust on other
things.
Vice Mayor Roth stated he would like to have staff go ahead and
proceed with the three options with the consideration that we
retain enough acreage for two soccer fields in each option.
President Withrow inquired if that amendment to the motion is
acceptable.
Councilmember Appezzato agreed they may proceed on those other
options.
In response to Councilmember Appezzato, the City Manager noted if
the land is sold and a surplus occurs, that money can be used
elsewhere; if we get exactly what we paid for it, that must go back
to the assessment district.
Regular Meeting, Alameda City Council
September 20, 1994
Councilmember Lucas noted the appraisals of the land were $8 and
$9-$11 per square foot, and City paid $4, so hopefully there will
be surplus.
Councilmember Appezzato stated these are public funds, subject to
public trust, and he voted no [on the UCSF proposal) because he did
not believe funds should have been spent in the manner they were.
Councilmember Appezzato's motion, including amendment, carried by
unanimous vote - 5.
94-548 Ordinance No. 2675, N.S. "Amending the Alameda Municipal
Code Section by Amending Subsection 2-63.10 (Retention for Public
Use) of Section 2-63 (Lost, Stolen and Unclaimed Property), of
Article V (Administrative Procedures and Policies), Chapter II,
(Administration) Relating to Disposition of Unclaimed Property to
Non-Profit Corporation Providing Public Service." Finally Passed.
Don Bergen, Alameda, stated this money is supposed to go to the
homeless; noted money that has already been spent on the homeless;
and stated if small amounts expended by the City could be saved, we
could open up City Hall again on Fridays.
The City Manager advised that this agenda item refers to providing
unclaimed property to non-profit organizations.
Vice Mayor Roth moved adoption. Councilman Arnerich seconded the
motion which carried by unanimous voice vote - 5.
ORAL COMMUNICATIONS, NON-AGENDA
94-549 Don Bergen, Alameda, commented concerning the Crime Bill,
a Chronicle article stated provision will be made for 20,000 police
officers, not 100,000; the matter is very complicated; the money is
not there; much will be deficit spending, and will be used for many
programs.
94-550 Neil Patrick Sweeney, Alameda, commented an Alameda
newspaper noted HUD's accusations were retracted and he hopes
everyone noticed that; and he encouraged City employees and
citizens who are renting, to attend the Alameda Homebuyers' Fair.
94-551 Betty Ballerini, Alameda, stated, for about 2 years, a
Webster Street property between Buena Vista and Lincoln, on which
there had been a gas station or a house, makes the area look shabby
and she would like something done.
President Withrow requested the City Manager to provide a report
for the next Council Meeting on that property.
Vice Mayor Roth noted the City has been working on several options;
Regular Meeting, Alameda City Council
September 20, 1994
and something will be done soon.
Councilman Arnerich described some of the City's actions, the
owner's financial problems in proceeding; and the need to proceed
legally.
Councilmember Lucas stated the owners have agreed to clear the
weeds and trash within fifteen days; the fence was repaired at one
time, however, it is down again, and needs attention.
The City Attorney stated she is sure the matter will be brought
back as a properly agendized item for discussion.
94-552 David Plummer, Alameda, stated it is upsetting to see
people come by and feel they have license to steal from recycling
containers; he would like to see the Police Department consider
stolen recycled items as stolen property, and confiscate those
goods.
94-553 John Scott Graham, Alameda stated that his physician
provided information on Section 8 housing to him which Housing
[Authority] had not given him; he believes something should be done
for those who are disabled; and commented, if the Veterans
Administration built a hospital on Laney College property, veterans
would benefit, and Laney and Merritt Colleges could have student
nurse training.
COUNCIL COMMUNICATIONS
94•554 Councilmember Appezzato stated that he was called by a
Times-Star reporter, advised the Alameda County Board of
Supervisors voted to take away one shift from the bridges and are
awaiting a ruling from the Coast Guard, and that may be an agenda
item for the near future to consider power and sailboat owners'
input.
94-555 Councilmember Lucas discussed HUD's dismissal [of matter
concerning] President Withrow and herself; and pointed out that she
believes it was due to the reporting of William Brand, Oakland
Tribune, who picked up the issue, the Associated Press picked it
up, it became a national issue, and 60-Minutes reporters discussed
the matter with her; and only after it became a national issue and
reporters made inquiries with top management of HUD, was it
dismissed.
Councilman Arnerich commented that was a frivilous action by HUD.
94-556 Councilman Arnerich stated he noted in today's newspaper,
the State of California received $5,000,000 from PG&E because of
the fire incident; and he wants to be sure proper billings are sent
in for everyone involved in that fire; and that we receive our fair
Regular Meeting, Alameda City Council
September 20, 1994
amount just as the State did; and requested information be
informally provided to Council.
ADJOURNMENT
The meeting was adjourned by President Withrow at 9:48 p.m.
Respectfully sub ' ted,
DThNE B. FELSCH, CMC
City Clerk
The agenda for this meeting was posted in advance in accordance
with the Brown Act.
Regular Meeting, Alameda City Council
September 20, 1994